In Vishnu Purana, Parashara explains the all-important Vedic concepts of what is at the root of reality, by defining the words Brahman, Paramātmā, and Bhagavān. His definition of Bhagavān is particularly famous and frequently quoted amongst Vedantists. It encompasses the three gender points (male, female, and mixed – astrologically represented primarily by Mars, Venus, and Mercury). He starts by saying:
saṃbharteti tathā bhartā bha-kāro ‘rtha dvayānvitaḥ
netā gamayitā sraṣṭā ga-kārārthas tathā mune // 6.5.73 //
The letter भ (bha) means “founder and nourisher” (bharta). The letter ग (ga) means “motivator, goal-setter, inspirer.” (gamaya).
These two letters for a word, bhaga (The name of the the divinity in Phalguni nakshatra, by the way). The meaning of this word, bhaga, is simply the combined meaning of the two letters “bhaga is what nourishes and motivates people.”
aiśvaryasya samagrasya vīryasya yaśasaḥ śriyaḥ
jñāna-vairāgyayoś caiva ṣaṇṇāṁ bhaga itīraṇā // 74 //
In this, his most famous statement, he gives six key examples of bhaga – “things that motivate and sustain our existence.” Two each are traits of Mars, Venus, and Mercury respectively, and thus two each are from the genders Male, Female, and Mixed.
The six key examples of bhaga are:
1) aiśvarya – Lordship (self-sufficient independence).
2) vīrya – Power (capacity to create, maintain, and destroy).
3) yaśa – Value, Worth, Esteem, Fame
4) śrī – Prosperity, Wealth, Opulence, Luxury, Beauty
5) jñāna – Comprehension, Intellect
6) vairagya – Lack of attachment or dependency
The first two – Lordship and Power – are the fundamental traits and attractions of ultra-masculine Mars. The second two – Value and Prosperous Beauty – are the counterparts of ultra-feminine Venus. The final two are traits of gender-mixed Mercury, the first of these two is slightly on the feminine side of the gender-midpoint, the second is slightly on the masculine.
The first, jñāna, means intellect – the ability to comprehend, experience, and verbalize. The second vairagya, means objectivity – lack of bias, which comes from emotional investment.
Parashara finishes his definition of the word Bhagavan by adding the final letter.
vasanti tatra bhūtāni bhūtātmany akhilātmani
sa ca bhūteṣv aśeṣeṣu va-kārārthas tato ‘vyayaḥ // 75 //
The letter व (va) means “abode” (vasanti).
Taken on its own, this letter means that all things are within Bhagavan. But taken in context of the previous two letters it means…
jñāna śakti-balaiśvarya vīrya tejāṃsy aśeṣataḥ
bhagavac chabda vācyāni vinā heyair guṇādibhiḥ // 79 //
The one in whom all bhaga exists – unlimitedly and without any ugly qualities – is denoted by the word “bhagavan.”
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